Using this method, you could store sound information either as a varying-intensity waveform or a frequency-varying waveform. To test it, the group stored eight musical notes, such as middle C, D, and E, on a pBNA chip and then played them back to form a small tune. The result: a plasmonic musical keyboard, or “nano piano.” The photo below shows a concept of the nano piano playing “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” The pillar-supported bowtie nanoantennas (bottom left) can be used to record distinct musical notes, as shown in the experimentally obtained dark-field microscopy images (bottom right).